Free Essays on OPEC

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is better referred to the vast majority of the world as OPEC. Be that as it may, the normal resident thinks minimal about the reasons OPEC impacts the world economy. OPEC is a gathering of eleven countries that sells oil on the world market. Oil creating countries in the 1960’s found that when they cooperated they could apply authority over the world oil costs. This was the beginnings of the oil cartel known as OPEC. The first OPEC individuals included Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Today as of now eleven countries are OPEC individuals; representing practically 40% of world oil creation and around 2/3 of the world's demonstrated oil saves. (OPEC Brief) A cartel endeavors to help costs higher than they would be under progressively serious conditions in this way expanding benefits of its individuals. (Carbaugh) They can do this by limiting rivalry among contending countries utilizing creation standards. Before the development of OPEC oil creating countries carried on like individual contenders, every country hesitant to bring their costs up in dread that different countries would not do likewise and the country that raised their costs would lose its sells. Despite the fact that there are still some minor issues and contrasts between oil creation individuals, OPEC has figured out how to be the best cartel ever. For a cartel to be fruitful its individuals must control a huge portion of the world market and ought to concur on a typical arrangement of costs on their item. (Carbaugh) In the 1960’s the cost of oil was three dollars a barrel. In the mid 70’s costs start to ascend as the cartel cooperated. Since that time oil c osts have never been the equivalent. Most cartels make some hard memories conquering the challenges that are related with cartels. OPEC has experienced a portion of similar issues. A portion of the issues include: Number of venders: as the individuals number increment, the harder it becomes it is to frame a ca... Free Essays on OPEC Free Essays on OPEC The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is better referred to the greater part of the world as OPEC. Be that as it may, the normal resident thinks minimal about the reasons OPEC impacts the world economy. OPEC is a gathering of eleven countries that sells oil on the world market. Oil delivering countries in the 1960’s found that when they cooperated they could apply power over the world oil costs. This was the beginnings of the oil cartel known as OPEC. The first OPEC individuals included Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Today as of now eleven countries are OPEC individuals; representing practically 40% of world oil creation and around 2/3 of the world's demonstrated oil saves. (OPEC Brief) A cartel endeavors to help costs higher than they would be under progressively serious conditions in this way expanding benefits of its individuals. (Carbaugh) They can do this by limiting rivalry among contending countries utilizing creation quantities. Before the arrangement of OPEC oil creating countries carried on like individual contenders, every country hesitant to bring their costs up in dread that different countries would not do likewise and the country that raised their costs would lose its sells. Despite the fact that there are still some minor issues and contrasts between oil creation individuals, OPEC has figured out how to be the best cartel ever. For a cartel to be fruitful its individuals must control a huge portion of the world market and ought to concur on a typical arrangement of costs on their item. (Carbaugh) In the 1960’s the cost of oil was three dollars a barrel. In the mid 70’s costs start to ascend as the cartel cooperated. Since that time oil costs have never been the equivalent. Most cartels make some hard memories defeating the challenges that are related with cartels. OPEC has experienced a portion of similar issues. A portion of the issues include: Number of dealers: as the individuals number increment, the harder it becomes it is to shape a ca...

The darkness beckoned Essay Example

The murkiness coaxed Essay He gazed out of the window. The trees tangoed to the delicate tune of the breeze. The branches influenced alluringly such that lone a sexual tummy artist could mirror. His eyes were held by the branch, transfixed, entranced. At that point, he shook his head and his eyes kept on meandering over the barren, thick mass his mom called a nursery. An owl hooted out there, however he didnt mix. The gloomy state of mind of the night overwhelmed him, subjugated him. He couldnt break out, he didnt attempt. He was at that point losing the battlewhy attempt to win the war?It was an inquiry he consistently posed himself.Would it have been any unique on the off chance that he had remained on the chemotherapy?He didnt lament falling off the drug yet he regreted the torment he was getting his mom through. His poor mother who had experienced so much as of now. That is the reason he had made this decision.He moaned and got some distance from the terrible scene at the window. He couldnt pull out at thi s point. He had come this far as of now. Backing down was impossible. He had composed a note for his mom, to clarify, and he had left notes for those of his companions who made a difference. Presently, all there was left to do was to sit tight for the morning to come.He lay his head down on the pad and trusted that rest will wrap him.He rose promptly the following morning. This was itno turning around. He went to a mirror that hung over his end table and painstakingly took a gander at himself.He scarcely perceived the individual gazing back at him.What he saw was a face with red rimmed, empty, depressed eyes, and skin so pale a pale skinned person feline would have shone like a splendid luminescent light remained close to him. This was diverse in contrast with the one that stood apart on a photograph on the highest point of his cabinet. It demonstrated him and his mother.They were happy.Carefree.But then such changed, and now he was stuck in a spot where he didnt need to be. He went to take a gander at the clock behind him. There was no opportunity to lose. He needed to be gone before his mom arose. He hurriedly checked out the room, ensuring that everything was set up, and afterward slid out the entryway, quietly closing it behind him.On his way down the lobby, he passed the entryway to this moms room. He needed to head inside and bid farewell however he didnt. He must be solid. He needed to give up. He shut his eyes and with a moan, strolled on. The idea of disregarding his mom horrible and filled him with a furious indignation, difficult to depict. Be that as it may, it must be finished. Minuscule pinpricks developed behind his eyelids. He could feel the hot flood of tears planning to eject. He quickly ran down the steps, cautious not to make any commotion, and in through the primary entryway that showed up to his left side. He leant back against the cool divider and took a profound breath.There was no time for tears now. He realized that in the event that he began crying, hed presumably never stop and his mom made certain to discover him there. He needed to keep away from that occurrence no matter what. He turned out of the room and wound up in the foyer once more.He saw the entryway before him and hesitantly strolled towards it, as though it were a three-headed snake. He discreetly turned the door handle and let out a pant as daylight spilled through the corridor. He immediately made a stride outside and shut the entryway behind him.This was it. He could never go to that house again.He strolled not far off and along the edge of the sea shore. It was a way he knew well overall. He had gone along this way commonly when he was a young man with his mom and father. The fog was simply clearing from over the outside of the ocean. It gave a soothing, quieting state of mind that assisted with settling his nerves.He used to cherish walking around this way. At the point when he was around five years of age he was energized in light of the fact that his mom had revealed to him he was going to see the ocean. He was energized in light of the fact that he had never observed the ocean and he had no clue what's in store. He could recall his sentiments of jubilee and how his mom had snickered merrily when he said he would turn into an angler when he developed up.He recollected that specific day since his dad was with him. It was the last memory of his dad he had.He never observed him again.The war summoned him, overwhelmed himkilled him.He didnt get war. How could individuals cheer in the demise of others? How could individuals hold on and watch while their friends and family were sent to their demise? In spite of the fact that it had been a long time since the war had finished, he could in any case remember everything. The bombings late around evening time. Little kids shouting out restlessly in dread and fear. How much his mom cried.From then on, it had been simply him and his mom. They worked in association - whatever one re quired, the other provided.That was until he discovered he had a mind tumour.He recalled the day he previously saw something wasn't right. He crumbled during one of his exercises at school. He was promptly raced to clinic where after a progression of irritating, superfluous tests, they arrived at the determination that he had a tumour.Funny thing was, he didnt really recollect how he felt. He couldnt even recollect his response to being informed that except if he had an activity, his odds of endurance were a million to one. All he recalled was his mom and how appallingly agitated she was. She took some comfort in the way that the activity could help for all time dispose of the tumour.But it never did. It just returned, greater and more remarkable than previously, yet this time, there was no way of it going away.That was the reason he was doing this. In the event that the tumor wasnt going to leave, at that point he would need to. It wasnt a simple choice to make. He needed to consid er every other person his choice was going to influence. His mom, his friendshis sweetheart. Just his mom recognized what he was experiencing. Nobody else. It was most likely his issue. He didnt open up to them, yet he couldnt help that. How was he expected to inform the individuals who minded regarding him that it was just merely months before he passed on? His companions realized something wasn't right, however they never asked.He hated that.His sweetheart had asked ordinarily, yet he had consistently disregarded it, accusing stress.So whose shortcoming right? His or theirs?He never let them know since they never asked, yet when they did, he lied. Where it counts, he realized it was all his flaw. He accused himself. He was loaded with what uncertainties? Imagine a scenario in which he had acted better when he was more youthful. Imagine a scenario where he had been more pleasant to the neighbors hound. Imagine a scenario in which he hadnt underestimated everything throughout everyd ay life. Would this happen him in the event that he had faith in God?When he was first analyzed, everything he could consider was whether he would be in this position on the off chance that he had put stock in God. His mom had been an exacting Christian until the day his dad had kicked the bucket. From that point forward, her confidence had faltered and she hadnt went to chapel as much as she used to. He could comprehend why.His father had been a decent man for his entire life. He had never set a foot wrong. So for what reason did God take him from his family? Is it safe to say that he was that barbarous? Did he like to force torment on individuals? He had posed his mom every one of these inquiries and she had answered no, God isn't unfeeling. She said that his dad was such a decent, kind, caring individual that God had taken him to sit in the sky with Him.But he persisted.What pretty much each one of those other great, kind, caring individuals on the planet? Shouldn't something be said about you? Youre great and kind, why didnt God take you? His mom didnt have a response to this. All she said was that demise was a piece of the common lifestyle and that we didnt have a state in it. However, he was still not satisfied.Who was God? Is it accurate to say that he was a man or a mammoth? For what reason did He remove his dad from him? He didnt comprehend why individuals adored God. Is it accurate to say that they were careless in regards to the fear that happened every day in this world brimming with loathe and illness? Shouldn't something be said about the shootings, the fear mongering, the wars? On the off chance that there was a God, without a doubt He wouldnt permit these things to occur, would He? Also, shouldn't something be said about each one of those poor, little youngsters living on the roads selling themselves for cash? In the event that a God existed, He wouldnt have permitted that to occur, nobody in their correct brain would.However, as he contemplate d it, possibly a God existed. Perhaps God was the person who gave us life and finished it. Possibly it is up to us what occurs in the middle of the start and the end. Be that as it may, anyway much he considered it, he couldnt convince himself it was true.What about his cerebrum tumour?As far as Jacob knew, every single through hey life, he had been a decent kid. He wasnt great, this he knew. Be that as it may, he wasnt terrible either. He had consistently attempted to assist his with mothering and he got great imprints at school.So for what reason did he have a mind tumour?He had been persuaded that in the event that you were a decent individual, at that point beneficial things would happen to you.So for what reason was this incident to him?His mother had been asking herself a similar inquiry. He could comprehend why God needed to rebuff him for not trusting in Him, yet he couldnt comprehend why his mom must be harmed in the process.The place was nearer now. He could smell the salt noticeable all around, drifting in from the ocean. He could see her face when she woke up and acknowledged where he had gone. She would be upsetgrief blasted to put it gently. Be that as it may, by at that point, it would be past the point of no return. He would be gone.It would be over.He detected a way up ahead that drove directly to the highest point of the precipice. He started to climb it. As he got further and additionally up, he saw a greater amount of the ocean. He could see the waves commandingly smashing upon the stones down underneath him.In and out. In and out.His breathing coordinated the cadence of the waves.In and out. In and out.He shut his eyes and remained there for a moment, relishing the experience. Here, he was genuinely settled. Away from the wailing of his mom. Away from the tick-tock of the clock.He detested watching that clock.Tick-tock. Tick-tock. Ticking his life away. Tick-tock.A sharp, ear-parting cry from a seagull above took him back to the real world . He continued strolling up the lofty way. The highest point of the bluff was approaching at this point. He could feel the delicate breeze of the breeze daintily brushing his b

2016 Wait Listed Freshman - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2016 Wait Listed Freshman - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2016 Wait Listed Freshman We plan to make the final wave of freshman decisions available late afternoon today, March 18th. For some students, you will be offered a place on our wait list. Every year our office has to predict approximately how many students we can admit in order to enroll our freshman class, but we can never be sure how many students will enroll until after the May 1 commitment deposit deadline has passed. If the number of students who say they will be attending UGA is lower than we expect, we may need to go to our wait list group in order to get the size that we want for our freshman class. This year we have roughly 700 students on the wait list. We carefully monitor the deposits coming into the University to see where we are in comparison to the predicted freshman numbers. For those of you who have been wait-listed, here is a chance for you to comment. Please remember that this is not a blog where you should post statistics or throw fellow classmates under the bus. These types of comments will be deleted. The Wait List FAQ can answer some questions, but the most important thing you need to do is decide if you want to remain on the wait list. Follow the instructions on the status check or wait list letter we mailed to let us know if you want to stay on the wait list or if you want to decline this option and move forward with admission at another college. If you decide to stay on the wait list, you should still move forward with an alternate college plan as we will not know about any wait list options until May at the earliest. If you select to stay on the wait list, we will know that you still want to attend UGA if an opportunity opens up. The key word in wait list is wait as this is not a quick process. So please be prepared to wait. There are three options for the wait list reply. You can say no, please do not consider me for the wait list. The next option is to remain on the wait list, but only if it is for the Fall term. The third option is to remain on the wait list and be considered for both Fall and Spring terms. This is so that if there is space available for the Fall term, we will look at all of the students who have asked to remain on the wait list. If the only space available is for Spring term, we will only look at students who said Fall or Spring. Once you select an option, you cannot change it so be sure to think about your decision before you make your selection. We will not know details about the wait list until after May 15, and it may be well after that. Please be patient with our office and read the FAQ before asking questions as it can give you a great deal of information. If you do not feel like you can wait until mid-May through mid-June for a decision, it may be that the wait list option is not for you.

The Transport Revolution Essay - 777 Words

The Transport Revolution Until late in the 1700’s, in both Europe and America, most roads were either rough tracks created by hoof and wheel or mere paths blazed through the wilderness. People traveled by horseback or on foot between towns. During cold or wet seasons, traffic was especially difficult or impossible. One of the problem was that each parish had to mend its own roads. Most people in the parish had to work 4 or 6 days on the roads each year, or pay money instead. Not surprisingly, they disliked this and skirted the work. During the eighteenth century, a new system developed. Groups of men agreed to keep a stretch of road in good repair if they could charge a fee to every one who†¦show more content†¦The fast running mail and stage- coaches needed better roads. In the early 1800s, three great roadbuilders began to provide them. One of the most remarkable was John Metcalfe from Knaresborough in Yorkshire (even though he was blind, he led a very active life). He was nearly fifty years old when he constructed his first Turnpike road (1765) and in the next twenty seven years, he supervised the construction of nearly 300 kilometers of Turnpikes (mostly in Yorkshire and Lancashire). He paid special attention to the bed of the road and where the soil was soft, he laided great quantities of heather as a foundation for layers of stone and gravel. John used jagged broken stones which bound together under the pressure of wheeled vehicles (see source 3). Thomas Telford was born in Westerkirk, Dumfries, Scotland, in 1757, the son of a poor Scottish shepherd. He apprenticed for a time to a stonemason, but then trained as a surveyor, before moving to London in 1792 in search of work. He found employment working on Somerset House in the capitol, but later moved to Portsmouth to work on the docks. A patron from Dumfries got him the post of Surveyor of Public Works for the County of Shropshire. In this capacity he was responsible for the construction of the Ellesmere Canal in 1793, and the Severn Suspension Bridge at Montford (1790). This bridge was anShow MoreRelatedChoosing A City For Comparison With Auckland Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagescreated by new technology and urbanisation. Include a timeline in your essay. Denver D’souza Student I.D- 774052033 Word Count- 1459 The Industrial Revolution was a period of transition to many practises within developing cities. For Auckland, New Zealand, the Second Industrial Revolution (1840-1870) influenced rapid development with a growth in transport, factored by a new ideological theory which promoted productivity, through advancements in technology. These factors helped change the status of AucklandRead MoreThesis on the First World War1510 Words   |  6 Pagesthe increase in human/nations participation was occasioned by the industrial revolution and the French revolution. B. Thesis: The First World War stimulated the greatest changes in warfare because it brought about new technology and industry development, advancement in science, and improved infrastructure and communication; essentially the First World War combined the legacies of the French and Industrial Revolutions and set the pattern for twentieth century warfare. ii. The industrialization inRead MoreExtraordinary Impact of Inventions of the Industrial Revolution674 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"The Industrial Revolution was another of those extraordinary jumps forward in the story of civilization†. This quote by Stephen Gardiner pretty much summarizes a long, laborious period of time into a single 15-word quote. Urbanization, industrialization, and contamination, all formed part of this significant period of time in European history. Nevertheless, one aspect that better symbolized the Industrial Revolution was the sudden surge of new inventions and machinery that begun during the Read MoreThe Three Industrial Revolutions1740 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The term industrial revolution refers means the strong transformation of a society- economically, socially, culturally and geographically. The Industrial revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in manufacturing, agriculture, mining, transportation and technology had a profound effect on the social, cultural and economic conditions of the times. FIRST IR The main differences between the First and Second Industrial Revolution were the invisible hand inRead MoreThe Steam Engine Of The First Steam Powered Engine1470 Words   |  6 Pagesbe used to power several forms of transportation. The steam engine had been around for a while, but wasn’t as advanced and wasn’t used on such a large scale such as powering transportation. 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This thing helped Britain changing their city life, social class structure, the power of the British nation amongst rest of the world, the production of machinery, and the strength of the economyRead MoreIndustrialization During The Industrial Revolution1180 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrialization in America The Industrial Revolution in the US occurred over a period stretching for over a century, as the production of commodities changed from home businesses to machine-aided production in factories. This was after the factory system evolved from the cottage industry just at the beginning of Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century. The cottage industry was driven by workers who would buy raw materials from merchants and then take it home so that they could produce specificRead MoreImpact Of The Industrial Revolution On Australia And America1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution was the change of the world. These changes were a development of machines and technology to make life easier by making things. The industrial revolution has changed the lives of many. Not only did it make work easier, more people were employed and services were updated and improved. The industrial revolution population increased. More homes were built, food was much cheaper because there was lot s to go around. The industrial revolution has changed Australia and America betweenRead MoreWhy did the Industrial Revolution begin in England, and What are the Inventions from this Era?788 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s. Before the Industrial Revolution, people made items by hand. Soon machines did the jobs that people didn’t want to do. This was a more efficient way of making goods. During the industrial revolution, Political, economical, and social forces led to a period of upheaval for the French during the eighteenth century. What political, economical, and social forces led to a period

Essay on HUMAN BEINGS AND NATURE DURING THE REVOLUTION OF...

HUMAN BEINGS AND NATURE DURING THE REVOLUTION OF THE MIND Enlightenment is mans release from his self-incurred tutelage. Tutelage is mans inability to make use of his understanding without direction from another. Self-incurred is this tutelage when its cause lies not in lack of reason but in lack of resolution and courage to use it without direction from another. Dare to Know! Have courage to use your own reason!- that is the motto of enlightenment. -Immanuel Kant, 1784 (1) From the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, a drastically new way of thinking developed in Western Civilization, a way of thinking that has shaped and defined the modern world. This new mode of thought evolved within two movements, the Scientific†¦show more content†¦(2) This theory deviated from the popular, Aristotelian belief that the earth, due to its heaviness, comprised the center of the known universe, surrounded by the other heavenly bodies, which moved within crystalline spheres. Beyond these the kingdom of God supposedly existed. The Church supported the Aristotelian view because it placed Gods supreme creation, humanity, at the heart of His created world. The Aristotelian theory was given further support by Psalm 104: Thou didst set the earth on its foundation, so that it should never be shaken. Yet Copernicus found the mathematics supporting the popular view of the universe unsatisfactory, and so he formulated the Heliocentric Theory, freeing the scienti sts who would follow in his footsteps from a rigid view of the universe. (3) In 1615, the inventor of the telescope, Galileo Galilei, wrote a letter to the Grand Duchess of Tuscany ardently defending the Heliocentric Theory, which was being attacked as heretical by various members of the scientific and religious communities. Galilei affronted the authority of the Church by proclaiming the Bible to be a symbolic, not a literal, read that was being twisted and misrepresented by opponents of the Copernican view. (4) He stood by Copernicus until the age of seventy, when two appearances before the Catholic Inquisition forced him to change his stance on the matter. (5) Shortly after Galileis letter, in 1620, theShow MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment Paradigm Shift Within The Era1628 Words   |  7 Pages The Renaissance era set the ball rolling for the Enlightenment with the beginning of scientific inquiry and search for knowledge. This modern age of reason, diversity and doubt, was one of the biggest paradigm shifts for both the Church and the human race. There was critical analysis of the Bible and further discussions of both scientific and philosophical theories. The ages after the Enlightenment were certainly affected, so much so that, to a significant extent, the paradigm shift within theRead MoreEvolution vs. Creation Science1650 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies; the majority of individuals cannot fathom the concept of discovering how mankind came to be through scientific nature. By denying this truth, the world will not be able to develop. Evolution is verifiable in comparison to creation science because of the theories, evidence, and the incre asing acceptance in today’s society. In order to discuss the irrefutable nature of evolution, one must be able to fully grasp the history of this groundbreaking knowledge. Evolution is often describedRead MoreThe Workshop of the World: The Industrial Revolution Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution that occurred between the eighteenth and nineteenth century has been characterized as a transformation of a society no longer rooted in agricultural production. 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In addition, the human activities such as the burning fossil fuels, and the cutting down of trees [forests] so as to create land to cultivate and rareRead MoreQuantum Mechanics and Islam Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Quantum mechanics or also known as quantum physics is a field of science which studies the behaviour of particles at sub-atomic level. This theory tells us that short-lived pairs of particles and their antiparticles are constantly being created and destroyed in an apparently empty space. In quantum mechanics the weird behaviour of electrons are not accurately explained and until now not a single theory is acceptable by the whole scientific community to postulate the phenomena. TheRead MoreThe Nature of Nature15064 Words   |  61 PagesTranscript of the audio tape Intro uction To the a ure 0 a ure By Afroo Oonoo , , , TRANSCRIPT ONE OF THE AUDIO TAPE: INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE OF NATURE THIS TRANSCRIPT IS DEDICATED TO: ALL PEOPLES IN GENERAL AND THE ETHIOPIAN RACE IN PARTICULAR COPYRIGHT  © 1996 BY AFROO OONOO THE PUBLISHERS OF THIS TRANSCRIPT IN INDIVIDUALITY ARE: THE STARS REPRESENTATIVE ALSO CALLED REPOO THE SUN THE PLANETS REPRESENTATIVE ALSO CALLED GEPOO THE EARTH THE SATELLITES REPRESENTATIVE ALSO CALLED SIPOORead MoreLeadership Qualities Of Ronald Reagan1629 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership Of Ronald Reagan When looking for an individual with very clear management styles as well as leadership skills that made a significant impact on both the United States and internationally, the first person that came to mind was Ronald Reagan. 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Question: 1(answer) In every economy there are four principle macroeconomic objectives; full employment, economic growth, price stability andRead MoreEuropean Imperialism after 18503310 Words   |  13 Pagesvariations include military dominance for territorial superiority and power in a regional sense to empires that sought riches through the resources and labor of others usually every example has elements of both. The period of Imperialism that dominates the minds of many is that which occurred via European sources first locally, in places like Ireland by Britain and even earlier the dominance of Charlemagne and other European entities over the Eastern Europeans whom they utilized for slave labor to exploitRead MoreConcept Analysis on Stress Among Nurses Essay5023 Words   |  21 PagesMGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA During the past 20 years, we have witnessed an explosion in nursing knowledge providing the discipline with diverse and multifaceted theoretical frameworks and paradigms. One knowledge theme that pervades the dialogue in the scholarly literature is that of multiple ways of knowing. With the acknowledgement that the fundamental nature of nursing knowledge is grounded in the understanding of human nature and its response to its environment, comes an imperative

Masque of the Red Death Reflection Free Essays

The Confliction on the Page In the short story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†, by Edgar Allen Poe, the main conflict is the â€Å"Red Death† arrives at Prince Prospero’s Masque, and kills everyone. At Prince Prospero’s ball the guests in attendance all partied in a castellated abbey which had seven rooms in which the party was held. During the middle of one of the festivities a strange figure came into the room and the bold energy and hype immediately died down to the point of where you could here a pin drop on the floor. We will write a custom essay sample on Masque of the Red Death Reflection or any similar topic only for you Order Now At this point the red death has entered the room but nobody knows it yet, Poe writes,† The figure was tall and gaunt, and shrouded from head to foot in the habiliments of the grave. † (Poe 87) This shows that the people in attendance do not know it is the red death yet, until they see the first sign of the Red Death’s presence n the people, which angers the prince. When the prince discovers that it is the red death, he pulls a dagger from his belt and follows the corpselike figure through the rooms to the last unlit room, the one that had drapes of black velvet. The prince attempts to stab the ghoulish figure but his plan is foiled: â€Å"†¦having attained the extremity of the velvet apartment, turned suddenly and confronted his pursuer. There was a sharp cry-and the dagger dropped gleaming upon the sable carpet, upon which, instantly afterwards, fell prostrate in death the Price Prospero. † (Poe 88) the reader then sees that the prince died due to him being foolish rather than him getting the Red Death disease. The red death then sickened the whole group and everyone dies. This shows how the Red Death was the main conflict in the story due to the fact that it keeps killing everyone. How to cite Masque of the Red Death Reflection, Papers

Deception Point free essay sample

In my career as a reader, if I have to choose the best book I have ever read then I will definitely go for ‘Deception Point’(Written by Dan Brown) because of its complexity of the plot and interesting combination of many themes, which contain politics, science, drama and reality. I started reading short stories and graphic books at young age, which were mainly comic books, sci-fi, and science fictions and in later years I started taking interest in more complex and skilled literatures. I have came across many interesting titles, which include ‘Dune’ (Frank Herbert), ‘Gangster’ (Lorenzo Carcaterra), ‘Throwaway daughter’ (Ting-xing Ye) etc. Deception Point is considered as one of the best work of Dan Brown, and it grabbed me by my throat from the first chapter. It was fast-paced, pulse quickening, thundering and tantalizing experience for me. Firstly, I have been attracted to the novels based on science fiction from the beginning of my reading career. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Deception Point proved to be much more than a science fiction. Author makes resemblance between reality and fiction, and it makes the fiction believable. The plot of the novel plays around the new discovery made by NASA on the Arctic glaciers, which proves the existence of extraterrestrial life. The information on this discovery was revised by a special squad made of professional and experienced people, which contained the protagonist, Rachel Sexton, who is the daughter of the president’s opponent in election. They found out that there was no truth behind this discovery and information gathered by NASA was faulty. It was a plan, made to help build NASA’s broken reputation. This faulty discovery was defended by the major politics and well armed Delta Force. The fear of revealing the truth to the people led Delta Force to eliminate members of special squad, and the conflict reveals many unknown mysteries and political relationships. The novel has enough twists, surprises and information to make me keep turning pages and it is also well plotted and characters are uniquely emphasized. Another Dan Brown’s innovation in the novel was to focus on the characters equally as the plot. The thrilling plot makes this novel unforgettable but emphasizing the characters allowed me to get emotionally involved with them and their thoughts, thus, pulled me deeper into the story. Based on the theme of science, novel did contain scientific terms and theories and author successfully provided explanations of each term, which made this novel informative. As a secondary storyline of the novel, author uncovers many different and mostly dirty views of politics. It shows how low people can go to maintain their public reputation. The desire of power, to create supremacy leads human to surpass any limits to destroy others. Deception Point is a novel which has every taste for everyone. It is a great mixture of fiction, politics, thrills and complex information. After finishing the novel first thought sparked in my mind was an imagination of the movie based on this masterpiece. From my point of view, the great storyline and believable fiction makes a good plot for the translation of the novel into the movie. The rise and fall of the action and smoothness of the plot allowed me to see the story as a movie as I read the novel. All of the characters and other elements were given life by Dan Brown’s unique creation of the thrills. If there will be any experience of the movie based on the Deception Point then I believe it will get success to flow me like novel did, when I read it. In conclusion, Deception Point is a unique novel, which is based on the science fiction and politics but things make it best for me are the plot, storyline and characters, which makes the flow of the novel more catchable and smooth. It is a successful combination of suspense, science fiction and politics and the general topic makes it more believable yet far from the human reach in real world. The plot is amazingly settled by the author to create puzzles around the reader and to make him turn pages to read more. It is one of the better thrillers which can be presented on the screens, and from what I believe will be a great success. For these reasons, in my career as a reader I have a unique spot for the fast-paced, breath taking novel, ‘Deception Point’.

Rise of South Korea Economy

Introduction South Korea has one of the most fascinating economic histories in the world. A country that was once threatened with war and instability, overcame all the odds to become a shining star in the Asian region and around the world. How did South Korea rise to attain its current economic status?Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rise of South Korea Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research explores South Korean economic rise, with emphasis on its economic progress after the Korean War. Of importance will be the country’s regime change and elements of its social and economic development and how they influenced each other. Additionally, the research will cover dramatic political move during 1970s and the social move of 80s. Background of South Korean Economy Like many other countries round the world, Korea entered a window of reconstruction at the end of the Second World War in mid 1940s. The emergence of opposing administration on the Korean peninsula was to test the progress of the region as the two sides struggled to replace the colonial government and promote economic development.1 The U.S. military took charge of the southern region while USSR controlled the northern part by establishing a Korean rule. This decolonization process did not go unnoticed. There was severe disruption of trade between Korea and Japan, which led to immense economic interference. As a result, the U.S. administration initiated strategies, aimed at salvaging the situation. These included the privatization of all assets, which were under the management of the Japanese government. In 1948, the first South Korean government was established, which initiated land reform efforts that resulted into democratic ownership of land.2 Unfortunately, the 1950s was to be remembered negatively as the Korean War broke, lasting for three years and resulting into the death of more than one and half million people. Besides the massacre, the Korean War equally destroyed the economic foundation, which had been laid at the end of the Second World War. After the end of the Korean War in 1953, South Korean leaders were tasked with formulating strategies, which were to promote economic growth in the region. Some of the policies augmented the expansion of native industrial firms. This idea was an emulation of most countries around the world whose economies were thriving after WWII. In order to achieve this, the South Korean government identified a number of firms in the country and bestowed certain powers upon them, which permitted them to acquire foreign currencies and borrow money from banks at affordable rates. Additionally, the administration initiated tariff barriers together with a ban on manufacturing imports, in order to promote the advancement of domestic firms and allow them to import new technology.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's se e if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following the import-substitution industrialization (ISI) policy, most entrepreneurs sought to maximize on favors and bribing of politicians and other influential people in order to advance their interests. Nevertheless, this behavior commonly referred to as directly unproductive profit-seeking activities (DUP), negatively affected the economic growth in South Korea, leading to the First Republic in April 1960. Reconstruction As mentioned above, the Korean War had significant economic impact. For instance the war damaged private dwellings, plant and equipment, infrastructure and public facilities. The total damage resulting from the war was approximated to be $3.0 billion, an equivalent of the combination of the country’s GNP for 1952 and 1953. However, the country experienced an exponential economic growth between 1953 and 1957, registering an annual growth rate of 5%, with an exception of 1956, whic h recorded a lower percentage. In the same year, the agricultural sector experienced the least growth of about 6% per year, compared to mining and manufacturing which had almost 15% growth rate. By contrast, South Korea realized a declining GNP economic growth between 1958 and 1960, averaging at less than four percent annually. During this time, the country’s population increased at 2.9% annually.3 As a result, per capita income almost remained unchanged as the growth of mining and manufacturing dropped from 15% to about 9%. This economic stagnation was attributed to a financial stabilization program, which had been implemented in 1958 and 1959. It is also important to mention that a large portion of South Korea’s imports were funded by foreign grants from 1953 to 1960. The two main sources for the grants were the United Nations Korea Reconstruction Agency, UNKRA together with the United States bilateral assistance program. Between 1953 and 1960, UNKRA’s aid tot aled to $120 million while the U.S. aid was approximately $1,745 million. Notably, the American aid included a $158 million of PL 480 goods. The main role of the two aids was to import food and industrial raw materials together with capital goods. During this time, up to 70% of the country’s imports were funded by foreign aid agencies. The most important contributor was the United States, which financed almost 80% of South Korea’s imports between 1956 and 1958. Due to the effect of the foreign assistance, the country experienced rapid economic growth from 1953 to 1957 before the effects of inflation haunted South Korean economy, at a rate of almost forty percent per year. Indeed, the impact of inflation was being felt, prompting the need for a solution to reverse or stabilize the situation. As a result, the South Korean government signed an agreement with the Office of the Economic Coordinator on a special financial program, which was implemented from 1957.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rise of South Korea Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, the inflation rate dropped while market prices stabilized. However, this was not to last due to the student revolution, experienced in the country in April 1960. The revolt led to the rise of another government, which abandoned the financial program immediately after taking office, leading to a sharp rise in prices of commodities by eleven percent. It is also important to note that the period of rapid economic growth was characterized by a reduction in commodity exports. By the year 1957, they had dropped to less than a half of what was exported in 1953. They however began to increase during the recovery period. Generally, the impact of exports was almost negligible, totaling to 1.1 to 2.4 of the GNP. Mining, fishing and agricultural products continued to dominate the export market.4 Military Government Follo wing a student revolution that was witnessed in April 1960, the government of Chang Myon was overthrown in 1960. As a result, South Korean economy was controlled by the military from May 1961 up to the end of 1963. Due to the unstable social and political environment, the country’s economy stagnated. Similarly, the military was interested in the growth of the country’s economy, making it to adopt expansionary set of monetary and fiscal policies. Unfortunately, the policies turned out to be unrealistic, resulting into inflation, hitting a high of fifteen percent annually between 1960 and 1963. Furthermore, the policies stimulated growth, with the country’s GNP rising by 8.8% in the year 1963. This stimulation was attributed to several economic reforms, which were enacted by the military government between 1961 and 1962. Some of these reforms included tax and budget reforms, foreign exchange control system reforms and currency reforms. Besides these major reforms, South Korea’s economy was also subjected to a new budget, with the enactment of accounting laws. Additionally, there was need to revise tax laws mainly to increase domestic tax revenue and promote business internal saving.5 A major concern of the military government was its ability to earn foreign exchange and increase the country’s domestic savings, following a reduction of the United States funding aid in the year 1960. Following the U.S. reluctance to fund the economy, South Korea continued to register a decrease in foreign exchange between 1961 and 1963. As a result, the government introduced import control measures coupled with import incentives like tax exemptions. By the fact that domestic savings averaged only at 4.3 percent, most of the investment bulk was funded.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though the country had witnessed a rapid commodity since 1959, it began at a low pace, without significance until 1963, when the economy registered $87 million, an equivalent of 3.3 percent of the GNP. In the same year, the value of exports significantly increased, hitting a total of more than 50%. The military government announced the First Five-Year Plan in 1961, which reflected the main economic policies of the government. Additionally, the government set 7.1 as the annual growth rate target, with the following economic priorities:6 The first item, which required the highest attention, was increment in the supply of energy, which included electric power and coal. Secondly, the government listed agricultural production and farmers’ income. This was essential based on the role that was being played by the agricultural sector. Thirdly, there was need for the government to expand major industries and social overhead capital. Additionally, national land conservation and de velopment was to be implemented through utilization of idle resources, which was mainly manpower. Moreover, the improvement in the balance of payments was to be realized through the expansion of the exports sector. The last item on the priority list of the military government was the advancement in technology. This was important in promoting several economic sectors and their expansion.7 Civilian government, 1964-1966 After three years of military rule, there was a general election in 1964, which paved way for a civilian government. This development saw South Korea’s GNP rise rapidly from 1964 to 1966, with an average of 9 percent growth rate. However, there was an increase in the rate of inflation in 1964, hitting the highest mark of 35%. This did not last forever, as the rate dropped to 10 and 9% in 1966. It is worth noting that the rapid economic growth witnessed during the period was as a result of major economic reforms, which were implemented in 1964 and 1965. Additiona lly, the stabilization program that was initiated by the military government remained crucial in stabilizing the economy of South Korea.8 The most outstanding feature of the program was its strictness on controlling the supply of money, thus limiting the flow of money in four major sources, including bank reserves, central bank finances of the government, foreign sector deposits and fertilizer loans. The government also eliminated all existing financial deposits, starting in 1964 and allowed short-term borrowing alone. The civilian government also made interest rate reforms, which increased the amount that was being charged on deposits and borrowed loans. This resulted into an exponential increase in bank time and saving deposits, hence expanding the supply of funds that were allowed for loaning. Foreign loans became more attractive since the interest rate reforms caused a major differential margin. Additionally, there was improvement in tax collection at the start of 1965.9 This wa s made possible through improved tax administration and implementation of changes in rates. Due to these reform strategies, the government registered increased tax revenues from 7.3% in 1964 to 10.8% of the GNP in 1966. By this time, up to 75% of the government expenditure was being financed by domestic revenues, while a small portion of the fund emanated from the United States’ financial aid. During this time, there was also an increase in domestic savings by 1966. Following the tax drive and the interest rates reform of 1965, there was a remarkable rise in both government and private savings. The growth of South Korea’s economy continued to expand rapidly from 1967 to 1971, characterized by stable market prices. The Second Five-Year plan further played a major role in attaining this economic growth together with the Overall Resources Budget for the implementation of the plan. The plan had an annual growth rate of 7% between 1967 and 1971.10 Basically, it was aimed at enhancing modernization of the industrial sector and the establishment of a self-supporting economy. The success of the plan was evidenced by surplus profits and remarkable performance witnessed during its implementation period. The government also revised the plan annually, based on yearly performance and future prospects. As a result, the GNP surpassed the target figure as export goods and services hit the target mark by 1968, leading to an extensive government export drive. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the trade did not show significant improvement despite the fact that there was a rapid increase in commodity exports. This was mainly attributed to an increase in imports. This increase in imports reflected the impact of a number of issues, including but not limited to increased demand for raw materials, trade liberalization and increased inflows of foreign loans.11 The country also recorded rapid accumulation of foreign exchange holdings, which augmented money suppl y. Economy in 1970s The period between 1970 and 1980 was a defining economic period in the history of South Korea. The country witnessed several political struggles, a major one being the assassination of President Park in the year 1979. It was believed that the president was assassinated by the South Korean Central Intelligence Agency boss. Despite the fact that there were strained political relationships in the country, its economy remained stable. At the onset of the decade, there was need for money to finance huge development projects. This was made possible by the establishment of unique financial institutions together with directing all commercial banks to give loan preference to specific projects. It is important to note that by late 1970s, the policy loan had risen to up to 60 percent.12 There was slow growth in industrial production and construction between 1971 and 1972. As a result, South Korea’s GNP dropped to seven percent from 9.2% in 1971. Additionally, there w as an absolute drop in the Gross domestic investment by an alarming 12%.13 Among other factors, this was caused by external forces, which were affecting the country’s export markets like the United States and Japan. Additionally, the export sector was significantly hit by a surcharge that was introduced by the United States on most of its exports. Moreover, there was financial pressure on most South Korean firms, which led to the slowdown. For instance, most domestic manufacturers had borrowed heavily from foreign lenders to import capital goods, which were necessary for industrial expansion. Due to this economic stagnation, the government responded by an Emergency Presidential Decree for Economic Stabilization and Growth on the second day of August in 1972.14 The decree was composed of several economic reforms aimed at resuming the rapid economic growth that had been experienced before. From 1972 to 1976, the Third Five-Year Economic Development Plan was instrumental in esta blishing and export-led economy by supporting high production in chemical and heavy industries. In other words, there were some industries, which received special financial privileges. These included household electronics, iron and steel and transport machinery, among others. Developers of some industries like heavy and chemical industries were tasked with ensuring that young industries are fed with raw materials and capital goods. This approach was also aimed at minimizing the tradition of most industries being financed through foreign aid. These industries were to be built towards the southern side of the country, far away from North Korea. The selection of the southern area was strategically chosen to allow industrial development in other areas apart from Seoul.15 Additionally, the idea was to create job opportunities in less developed regions of the country to promote national growth. The five-year plan began in 1977 and ended in 1981. The plan was highly applauded for promoting the establishment of industries that were capable of competing favorably with other industries in the export market around the world. Importantly, this category of industries mainly included labor-intensive and technology-intensive firms, say, shipbuilding, machinery and electronics.16 As mentioned before, the plan had significant emphasis on chemical and heavy industries, including but not limited to petrochemicals and steel. From this plan, several results were realized, which were vital in promoting economic growth. For instance, there was a significant growth of 51.8% in heavy and chemical industries by the year 1981. On the other hand, their direct exports rose to 45.3%. In explaining these results, analysts believe that that there was excellent performance in certain industries like shipbuilding, steel and iron. Consequently, it was possible to produce high-quality products at relatively low costs. This was a boost to South Korea since most of the heavy and chemical industrie s around the world suffered greatly in 1970s.17 There was also remarkable growth in machinery industries as it experienced double investments in certain sections like construction equipment, electric power generation and diesel engines among others. Above all, the growth was enhanced by the government’s support. Following the global recession that was experienced in the late 70s, South Korea was not an exception. This recession emanated from high levels of inflation around the world with rising fuel prices. As a result, the country’s industrial structure lost balance, breeding severe inflation since the country had widely invested in heavy industries, yet the products lost the market.18 As a way of salvaging the country’s economy from the effects of inflation, the government implemented the Fifth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan from 1982-1986. The main driving force behind this idea was the need for the country to divert its investment efforts fro m heavy and chemical industries to technology-oriented industries.19 The shift was to focus at electronics and information equipment. Due to ready market and high demand for these products, there were reasons, which necessitated improving the quality of the products produced. By the time the fifth-year plan ended, the government decided to advance the program by launching The Sixth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan that was to run from 1987 to 1991.20 It therefore embraced the previous plan’s ideas and vision. In order to realize success, the government promoted import liberalization and eliminated business barriers, which were mainly imposed on imports. It is worth noting that most of these decisions were triggered by the need of protecting the country’s economy from severe effects of the market. Some of the dreaded effects included monetary expansion and pending industrial modification, emanating from the presence of excess funds. Moreover, Seoul played a major role in facing out any form of direct assistance to specified firms. It was to emphasize the training of human resource and resource development. To achieve this target, Seoul increased the ratio of research and development to more than 3% of the GNP by the end of the Sixth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan in 1991.21 Between 1992 and 1996, the government launched the Seventh Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan whose main objective was to advance technology in the country.22 This was to be realized by establishing advanced technology fields, including bioengineering, microelectronics, and optics among others. Through joint collaboration, the government and the industry developed high-technology facilities, which were evenly distributed around the country, covering up to seven provinces. Current economic status In 1997, South Korea was hit by the worst financial crisis to have been experienced throughout its history. As a result, Seoul sought the inter vention of the IMF for a bailout of $58 billion in order to manage the situation. It is in the same year that Kim Dae Jung was elected as the president, making history to have worn the presidency from opposition.23 The country further experienced a collapse of financial institutions, resulting from the overuse of credit cards by consumers. This significantly affected economic growth of the country, falling to a low of 3.1%. The population of credit card holders increased in 2004, with majority of people being unable to pay back their debts. South Korea is among other nations with a market economy. Its economy is ranked position fifteen based on GDP ranking and is categorized among the G-20 major global economies. It is a member of OECD and prides to be among the famous Asian Tigers. The country registered the fastest economic growth in 60s and is still among developed countries with fastest growing economies.24 Due to the absence of minerals in the country, South Korea adopted an ex port-led economy, concentrating on the manufacturing industry. Following this, it was ranked as the 7th largest exporter in the world in 2010. It is faced with the problem of overpopulation. Additionally, North Korea’s military advancements have continuously affected the country’s stock market. It is however considered to be among the economies of the future together with BRIC. Importantly, it survived the global financial crisis of 2007-2008.25 Conclusion From the above analysis, it is evident that the history of South Korea’s economy is quite fascinating. Since 1953 after the Korean War, the country has maintained a progressive economic trend with minimal crises. Nevertheless, political leaders played a major role in shaping the country’s economy through implementation of several Economic and Social Development Plans. It is remains to be one of the promising global economies. Bibliography Chung, Young-Iob. South Korea in the Fast Lane: Economic Developm ent and Capital Formation. UK: Oxford University Press, 2007. Hart-Landsberg, Martin. â€Å"The South Korean Economy and U.S. Policy.† Asian Perspective. 28, no. 4 (2004): 89-117. Heo, Uk, and Terence Roehrig. South Korea Since 1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Kil, SÃ… ­ng-hÃ… ­m, and Chung-In Moon. Understanding Korean Politics. Albany: SUNY Press, 2001. Lie, John. Han Unbound: The Political Economy of South Korea. UK: Stanford University Press, 2000. Manyin, Mark. â€Å"South Korea-U.S. Economic Relations: Cooperation, Friction, and Future Prospects.† CRS Report for Congress. 2004. www.fas.org/man/crs/RL30566.pdf. Mo, Jongryn, and David Brady. The Rule of Law in South Korea. California: Hoover Press, 2009. Noland, Marcus. â€Å"South Korea’s Experience with International Capital Flows.† National Bureau of Economic Research. 2007. www.nber.org/chapters/c0155.pdf. Publishing OECD Publishing. OECD Economic Surveys: Korea 2010. NYC: OECD P ublishing, 2010. Thompson, Grahame. Economic Dynamism in the Asia-Pacific: The Growth of Integration and Competitiveness. London: Routledge, 1998. Wang, James. Comparative Asian politics: power, policy, and change. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994. Footnotes 1 SÃ… ­ng-hÃ… ­m Kil and Chung-In Moon. Understanding Korean Politics (Albany: SUNY Press, 2001), 13. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid., 14. 4 Ibid., 15. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid., 16. 7 James Wang, Comparative Asian politics: power, policy, and change (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994), 236. 8 Ibid. 9 Jongryn Mo and David Brady, The Rule of Law in South Korea (California: Hoover Press, 2009), 148. 10 Ibid. 11 Ibid., 149. 12 Young-Iob Chung, South Korea in the Fast Lane: Economic Development and Capital Formation (UK: Oxford University Press, 2007), 14. 13 Ibid. 14 Ibid. 15 Ibid., 15. 16 John Lie, Han Unbound: The Political Economy of South Korea (UK: Stanford University Press, 2000), 77. 17 Ibid. 18 Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig, South Korea Since 1980 (Cambri dge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 83. 19 Ibid. 20 Grahame Thompson, Economic Dynamism in the Asia-Pacific: The Growth of Integration and Competitiveness (London: Routledge, 1998), 41. 21 Ibid. 22 Martin, Hart-Landsberg, â€Å"The South Korean Economy and U.S. Policy. Asian Perspective, 28. no. 4 (2004): 89. 23 Marcus Noland, â€Å"South Korea’s Experience with International Capital Flows,† National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007, www.nber.org/chapters/c0155.pdf. 24 Publishing OECD Publishing, OECD Economic Surveys: Korea 2010 (NYC: OECD Publishing, 2010), 57. 25 Mark Manyin, â€Å"South Korea-U.S. Economic Relations: Cooperation, Friction, and Future Prospects,† CRS Report for Congress, 2004, www.fas.org/man/crs/RL30566.pdf. This research paper on Rise of South Korea Economy was written and submitted by user Brayden Meadows to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The War Against Iraq essays

The War Against Iraq essays Many say that the Bush Administration is justified in its attempts to wage war against Iraq. Citizens that believe in this course of action should stop and examine some of the finer details. After the conflict in Afghanistan our government shifted its attention to Iraq in its search for weapons of mass destruction. Simply because Iraq has the capability to one-day produce nuclear arms is not justification for a preemptive attack from the U.S. Countries across the globe and the majority of the U.N. opposes the U.S.s proposal of a preemptive attack on Iraq simply because the country could one day threaten freedom. Iraq has shown no signs of aggression towards the U.S. that merits military actions. Another point that was brought up a former U.N. weapons inspector was that Iraq no longer poses a threat to the U.S. in any way. If our government proceeds with its plans to invade Iraq our efforts to eliminate terrorist threats in other countries would be useless due to the overwhelming w orld-wide disapproval of our governments actions involving Iraq. Also our already-troubled economy would suffer due to the amount of resources needed for a war against Saddam. A preemptive strike against a non-aggressive country is not only immoral but is illegal. The Bush Administration claims that they are enforcing the will of the security council by attacking Iraq, but also state that they are willing to defy the council to attack Saddam. The few remaining government officials that have experience in war almost all agree that out nations method of handling this situation is not taking into account the bigger picture. One major flaw in the plan for an attack on Iraq is that Saddam has not threatened the U.S. in any way. This alone is enough reason for us to rethink our plans. Other countries like North Korea who actually possess nuclear arms and have shown signs of willingness to use them seem a much more ...

Hydrogen Energy and the Greenhouse Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hydrogen Energy and the Greenhouse Effect - Essay Example The measurements showed that in the past half century, CO2 levels have been steadily rising at an exponential rate (Weart). This is due to growing population and the quickly-developing technologies that inevitably demand more energy, and, in the present, humanity's main source of energy is fossil fuels. As such, finding alternative energy sources has become a very important quest in the present. Among these alternative sources of energy is Hydrogen. Hydrogen is often presented as one of the most promising alternatives for carbon-based fuels because it is the clean energy source that burns into water vapor. It is also often pointed out that Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and is very abundant on earth itself in the form of water. However, switching to a Hydrogen powered economy isn't really as simple as it sounds. Although water is very abundant on Earth, it takes up a lot of energy to break it down into its hydrogen and oxygen components and package it (Zyga). There is also the risk of hydrogen leaking out from the fuel cells which contain it (Warwick et. al.). Hydrogen energy would then basically cost more and be less economical than the current energy sources. However, if switching to Hydrogen as a major energy source would have good environmental impacts, t hen maybe it would be worth the cost. The product of Hydrogen combustion as opposed to, say, gasoline combustion would only be water vapor whereas for gasoline combustion, the products would include carbon dioxide which is considered to be the major cause of global warming. However, there are some who argue that water vapor, in fact, is the major greenhouse gas and is responsible for a larger portion of the greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide is. So, to find out whether hydrogen would really be a better energy source than carbon-based fuels, let us first look into the reactions involved in their combustion. For the carbon-based fuels, we'll just take octane, which is an important component of gasoline, as an example. The combustion reactions are as follows: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O + 572 kJ (1) 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 18 H2O + 16 CO2 + 11017.8 kJ (2) If we multiply equation (1) by 20, we get roughly the same amount of energy generated for the two reactions: 40 H2 + 20 O2 40 H2O + 11440 kJ (3) So, to produce the same amount of energy, 16 CO2 molecules and 18 H2O molecules would be produced for the octane combustion while 40 H2O molecules would be produced for the hydrogen combustion. If water vapor is a greenhouse gas just as CO2, then it my be that switching to hydrogen as an energy source would bring about an even worse greenhouse effect than the CO2 produced by burning octane. However, there are a lot of things to be considered. Even though water vapor makes up 80% of all greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by mass, it is responsible only for 36% - 66% of the long wave absorption done by all the greenhouse gases (Schmidt). By contrast, CO2 comprises only 1.44% of all the greenhouse gases by mass, yet it absorbs 9% - 26% of the total long wave absorpt

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Summary - Essay Example It took a whole 50 years before youth were first taken seriously as potential consumers. The three major ideals that changed it were deregulation, character licensing, and a new approach to market segmentation.1 The 1980s was a decade of great change in so many different ways. The debate over the regulation of the media industry during the previous decade helped open up the possibility of children to become consumers. Opponents claimed that children’s advertising was deceptive since kids could not possibly understand the hidden meanings of what was being marketed to them.2 Others argued that the government had no right to impose restrictions on what was acceptable in the marketplace. What eventuated was self-regulation, which broadcasters slowly let diminish over the years. Once this process had taken place in the United States, it was only inevitable that it would prevail in Canada too. Before the start of the commercialization of youth, young people were all lumped together in one giant market segment. Once youth advertising had begun to take place, audiences were segmented into separate niches.3 This was partly achieved through the creation of television networks specifically for children such as Nickelodeon and Music Television (MTV).4 These distinct networks were able to focus on a small set of viewers by involving their needs and wants in the makeup of programming.

Study Of Injection Mold Temperature And Cooling Time Engineering Essay

Study Of Injection Mold Temperature And Cooling Time Engineering Essay Majority of complicate plastics products are formed by the injection molding process. Faster production rate and repeatability are the key elements. Although most of the injection molding machines are highly sophisticated in terms of process control yet the control of mold temperature is the most neglected aspect. The mold cooling time contributes a major portion (usually 30 to 60%) of total cycle time. Reduction in mold cooling time is directly associated with profitability. The effect of mold temperature on cooling time and product quality is very important to understand. Here an effort has been made to analyze various aspects of mold cooling. Introduction Injection molding is one of the most favorite processing methods among the polymer processors that has revolutionized the polymer processing. Continuous research work carried out by the injection molding machines manufacturers is the key behind the success of this processing technique. Todays injection molding machines are one of the most sophisticated in terms of process control. Various processing parameters like injection pressure, injection speed, hold on pressure, cavity pressures etc. are very precisely controlled by close loop control. Latest developments in the field of microprocessors/ microcontrollers technology resulted in PLCs, with very short scan time, for quicker response. Many other developments like advancements in plasticizing screw design, mould safety, all electrical actuators, robotic part removal etc. came into existence in early nineties [1]. Although a lot had happened at the technological front, still the control of mould temperature is the most neglected aspect of injection moulding technology. In spite of well known relationship between mould temperature and cooling time, in other words mould temperature has great effect over cycle time (that ultimately leads to profitability), no serious efforts has, however, been made to extend the advancements in process control up to the mould. As on today most of the processing industries involved in injection moulding business, especially in Asian countries are using either a cooling tower or refrigerated chilling plant and seldom a mould temperature controller for engineering/ specialty polymers. In fact moulders usually do not bother about the mould temperature. In most of the cases, setting of cooling time and adjustment of mould temperature is an experience driven exercise that may not always land up at optimum solution [2]. In this paper an effort has been made to take a deeper insight of various aspects of mould temperature and cooling time by modeling and simulation route. An innovative design concept of mould temperature controller is also discussed which is in its early developing stage. Heat Transfer in Injection Mould Heat transfer in injection mould is quite complex in nature. It involves conductive and convective type of heat transfer, although negligible heat loss from mould takes place in form of radiation [3]. The solidification process for molten polymer mass inside mould involves a complex heat transfer mechanism. In order to simplify the problem of heat transfer associated with turbulent fluid flow, here an assumption is made defining a constant temperature between the cavity wall and cooling channels of mould. However in actual practice a temperature gradient will exist depending upon the thermal conductivity of mould steel. The typical heat path in the cooling stage of injection molding is that heat is conducted from hot polymer to the comparatively cold mold, and then conducted through the mold to the cooling line, where it is removed by convection through coolant [7]. In injection molding, in order to reduce the cycle time, the coolant undergoes turbulent flow. Rapidly flowing fluids are fully turbulent when Re >10,000 the transfer of heat is very efficient. Slowly flowing fluids are laminar when Re For turbulent flow, Equation 1 is used to calculate the heat convection coefficient [5], à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (1) Where: d; diameter of cooling hole (m), V; coolant velocity (m/s), à Ã‚ ; coolant density (kg/mâ‚ ¬Ã‹â€ ), ÃŽÂ ¼; viscosity, h; convection heat transfer coefficient (W/m.K), k; thermal conductivity (W/m ².K), L; perimeter of the cooling hole (m). For this case, Re is > 10,000, so the flow is fully turbulent. A simulink model was developed to simulate the variation of mold temperature from start up to approximately 1 hour and 23 minutes run with following conditions [6]; Table 1: Conditions for Simulation Initial Melt Temperature 523 deg.K Initial Mold Temperature 298 deg.K Ejection Temperature 364 deg.K Mass of Mold 200 kg Specific Heat of mold (P-20 steel) 461.2 J/kg k Cycle Time 30 sec Injection Time 5 sec Cooling Time 20 sec Material ABS plastic, Grade: Cycolac GPM550 Thermal Conductivity of ABS 0.22 (W/m.deg.K) Specific Heat of ABS 2352.4 (J/kg.degK) It is usual practice among molders to run injection molding machine for few (10 20) cycles without flow of coolant in mold to increase the molds surface temperature up to the required mold temperature [7]. This is usually done to avoid short shots, flow lines and other possible molding defects. A dead zone has been incorporated in simulink model for 450 sec (about 15 molding cycle). This effect can be seen in plot. Initially the rise in temperature is rapid (up to 450 sec) compared to rest of the part of plot. Fig 1: Graphical representation of Model using Simulink Fig 2: Simulation Result for mold temperature for more than 150 cycles from startup. It is clear from the plot shown in fig 2, that under the conditions as defined in table 1, mould will take about 1hour to reach steady state temperature of about 320 deg.K Dependence of Cooling Time over Mould Temperature Cooling time is defined as the time required to reduce the temperature of molten polymer up to ejection temperature. Usually ejection temperature of moulding is few degree (20 30 degC) below the heat deflection temperature (HDT) of material to insure distortion free removal of moulded part. Cooling time starts just after complete filling of cavity up to ejection. A rough estimation can be made for the cooling time, using the correlation given below; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (2) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (3) s; part thickness (cm), ÃŽÂ ±; thermal diffusivity (cm.sq/ sec), Tm; melt temperature ( °C), Tw; mold temperature ( °C), Te; ejection temperature ( °C), K; thermal conductivity (W/m- °K), à Ã‚ ; density (gm/cc), Cp; Specific heat (KJ/Kg- °K) It is clear from simulated result shown in fig. 2 that mould temperature is not a constant, in fact it is not only a variable from startup temperature to steady state temperature but also it changes during each cycle, fluctuating about cycle average temperature [5]. In order to simulate the cooling time for one injection cycle the instant energy balance equation for cooling of given geometry of part can be written as; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (4) This equation can be solved using finite element method with suitable boundary conditions i.e. constant boundary temperature or constant heat flow rate. For simplification of problem, a square shaped, ABS plastic part has been chosen. The two dimensional drawing and 3-D view of the part under analysis is given below; Fig-3: Two Dimensional orthographic view and three dimensional view of ABS Plastics part under analysis. ABS plastic material was selected for above geometry of part, the processing conditions and properties of the polymeric material are given below; Table-2: Processing conditions and properties of material Initial Melt Temperature 523 deg.K Initial Mold Temperature 323 deg.K Ejection Temperature 345 deg.K Material ABS plastic, Grade: Cycolac GPM550 Density 1005 (Kg/mâ‚ ¬Ã‹â€ ) Thermal Conductivity 0.22 (W/m.deg.K) Specific Heat 2352.4 (J/kg.degK) In order to simplify the analysis and to reduce the simulation time, the analysis was done in 2 D. Transient thermal analysis was carried out using ANSYS 5.4. For the analysis 4-node thermal solid (PLANE55) element type was selected. Fig-4: Temp distribution at t = 50sec at mold temp = 312 K The 2 D model was suitably meshed and analysis was done with different mold temperatures, given in table 3. Polymer melt temperature and part ejection temperature were kept same. Table 3: Polymer melt temperature vs. simulated cooling time Polymer melt Temperature = 523 deg.K Part ejection temperature = 345 deg.K Mold Temperature (deg.K) Cooling Time (Sec) 312 62.5 323 70 333 92.5 343 130 Cooling time was graphically calculated at a point where the part temperature was below HDT i.e. 345 K, for each of the run. ANSYS Post processor was used to obtain the cooling time vs. temperature data. (A). Mould Temp = 323 K, Ejection Temp = 345 K and Cooling Time = 70 sec (B). Mould Temp = 312 K, Ejection Temp = 345 K and Cooling Time = 62.5 sec (C). Mould Temp = 333 K, Ejection Temp = 345 K and Cooling Time = 92.5 sec (D). Mould Temp = 343 K, Ejection Temp = 345 K and Cooling Time = 130 sec Fig-5: Dependency of cooling Time over Mold Temperature It is clear from the above plots that the temperature gradient (between melt and mould) is a diminishing quantity during every moulding cycle. In other words we can say that rate of heat transfer from melt to coolant is maximum at the start of cooling time and reaches to its minimum value at the end of cooling time. This diminishing rate of heat transfer is responsible for longer cooling time resulting higher cycle time [8]. Mould Cooling At Constant Heat Transfer Rate The cooling time may be defined as the ratio of total heat to be removed (so that ejection temperature is below HDT), to rate of heat removal from the mould via coolants flowing in cooling channels of the mould. As mentioned above that diminishing temperature gradient (due to cooling of polymer melt inside the mould) is responsible for diminishing rate of heat removal during every moulding cycle. In order to have deeper insight, we apply heat balance to mould; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (5) It is clear from Fig. 2 that the temperature of mould increases initially and ultimately reaches to steady state average constant temperature within few hours depending upon the size of mould and moulding. At this stage the rate of heat accumulation in mould will be negligible, therefore at steady state condition of mould; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (6) (i). Rate of Heat Input Rate of heat input to the mould may be considered as impulse input, since the most of the polymer melt (about 90% of shot weight) is injected in very short span of time (), comparatively very less than actual injection and hold time. The heat input rate to the mould; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (7) m = shot weight, Cp = specific heat at nozzle temperature. (ii). Rate of Heat Removal For simplicity we can assume the design of mould to be cylindrical, where four cooling channels are at 100 PCD, concentric with cylindrical shape of cavity as shown in Fig. 6, Fig 6: Top view Cylindrical Mould The rate of heat removal from the mould is function of heat transfer by conduction and convection (we can neglect the heat transfer by radiation). For the cylindrical design of mould and moulding, the conductive and convective heat transfer can be written as [9]; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (8) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (9) Ksteel; Thermal conductivity of mould steel (W/m- °K), Dmold Dpart; Diameter of cylindrical mould and moulding (m), Dchannel; Diameter of cooling channel (m), h; Convection heat transfer coefficient (W/m.K), Therefore, the net rate of heat transfer will be; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (10) It is obvious from equation no. (10). that rate of heat removal (q) will continuously reduce because the Tmelt will tend towards the Tejection. The trend of melt temperature curve with time will be as shown in fig 5. There may be two different methods to keep the rate of heat removal (q) constant i.e. reduction in coolant temperature (Tcoolant), parallel with (Tmelt) so that temperature gradient is constant during entire cooling cycle. This method has some practical difficulties like limitation of very fast changing temperature of coolant, thermal shock to the mould and lots of energy drain from coolant to atmosphere. In the next approach to maintain constant heat removal rate, the flow rate of coolant can be increased with time to increase the value of film transfer coefficient (h). Booth of these problems were modeled using Matlab and simulated results are discussed. The following boundary conditions and data was used for simulation; Table 4: Boundary Conditions and data Parameters Value Dmold 100 mm Dpart 15 mm Ksteel 36.6 W/m degK Dchannel 10 mm L 1.5 meters Tmelt 523 degK Tejecion 364 degK Cp 2352.4 (J/kg degK ) for ABS Cycolac GPM 5500 Grade Shot Weight (m) 100 gms Tcoolant 283 degK Result and Discussion Simulation result for constant heat removal rate achieved via transient coolant temperature, are shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9. The heat removal at diminishing rate curve is of the same pattern as obtained by using Ansys FEA package, shown in fig. 5. Fig 7: Heat removal from mould at constant and diminishing rate. Fig 8: Melt temperature, Coolant temperature vs. Cooling Time. The cooling time is approximately 120 sec in this case whereas for constant rate heat removal cooling time is about 60 sec. That much saving in cooling time is at cost of having arrangement for mould cooling that can vary from 323 degK to 175 degK within 1 minute. Reducing the mould temperature up to 175 degK has many engineering problems; mould sweating will be tremendously high at that temperature. In next step, flow rate of coolant was varied keeping the coolant temperature constant at 283 degK. Fig 9: Melt temperature, Heat removal rate and Film Heat transfer Coefficient vs. Cooling Time Fig 10: Reynolds No. and Coolant Flow Rate vs. Cooling Time The cooling time in this case found to be approximately 80 sec. and the coolant flow rate was initially 400 lpm that was ramped up to 1600 lpm within 80sec of cooling time. The shape of melt temperature curve with time is not a straight line which is identification of constant rate heat removal, but still there is a lot of saving in cooling time. To achieve that much saving in cooling time extremely high turbulent coolant flow rate (Re is approximately 3500000 at the end of cooling time) was used. Conclusion The mould temperature and coolant flow rate have great effect over the heat transfer mechanism from mould. Proper adjustment of coolant temperature and flow rate can be useful in reducing the cooling time. Transient coolant flow rate may be used to reduce the cooling time and such mold temperature controllers can be made for achieving reduction in cooling time and ultimately reducing cycle time.

Marries Is Better Than Being Single Essay

There are lots of discussion and arguments about to being single or getting married nowadays. The new generation might not willing to bound into marriage life and they wish to remain in single life so they can have more privacy, freedom and the commitment of   responsibilities. However, marriage is union ordained by God and it is also a wonderful union of two people in love. It is unique, opposite-sex union with legal, social, economic and spiritual dimensions. Getting married does bring a lot of advantages to a person either family. The biggest advantage for getting married is emotional stability. Married people treat their own family as shelter and they can feel secure and relax when staying together with their family. Family provides a peace and comfort zone for those married people to restore their energy. Marriage can helps the couple to become more tolerant, unselfish, caring and more responsible. Its provide a chances for the husband and wife to grow with and sharing their life’s challenges, rewards and sorrows with a person who actually knows and understand what you going through and feels the same frequency. There are a lots of difficulties have to learn by marriage people as that is not easiest to living with someone for the rest of their life. They have to overcome all the problems facing by them and to learn how to take care of others feeling, patience, emotion control, temper, time management and attitude towards their family. In a marriage life, there are always someone’s to hear your companions. It is good to have someone there to have a share, to bounce ideas or to have a witty exchange of remarks. Companionship among the married peoples also offers support and can be particularly important at times of trouble or stress. At such times, married people have distinct advantages over being single. The other advantage for marriage is that allows couples to pool their both incomes to share the cost of living and debts, save more money for retirement and doing investment. The married people can also sharing a house, car and food so they can enjoy save cost for basic living conditions compare with a single person. Therefore, people who are married become less poverty but more wealth and their money goes further. It is because, they tend to specialize, exchange, and share roles and functions in ways to generate higher earnings, encourage savings, helping each other’s to restrain from impulse spending, and generally leave the family financially better off. Marriage can also leads to better health and greater longevity for people. There are more likely to enjoy better physical health. The spouses are intimately aware of and impacted by their spouse’s choices. In a sense, couples have a significant vested interest in watching out for one another and encouraging healthy choices and behaviour. For example, the wife might not allow her husband drinking, smoking or other unnecessary risk-taking and also control his weights. Compared to single, divorced or widowed people, the married people experience less depression, anxiety, and other types of psychological distress. Besides, the married people will have active, satisfying and safety sex lives compared with single people. The married people tend to have more sex because it costs them less in time, money and psychic energy. They have find it more satisfying because their sex partner is more available, less distracted, more eager and more secure and able to please. The higher levels of satisfaction for married couples is related to the fact that marriage adds meaning to the sexual act because it symbolizes a union that is based on sexual fidelity, stronger commitment and emotional intimacy. It had increased their commitment and their sense of responsibility, and had generally strengthened their relationships. In addition, the married life can brings greater safety towards the married people and expand their social network. It’s because, the married people have companion to visit places together, visit friends or holiday together. For the single person, that is far more difficult as often modern social life is geared around ‘couples’ and the single person can often feel left out or sometimes, simply not invited. At times, perhaps, having children might seem to impede their social life but it just brings a change in your social life and much of that social life involves being with your children. Lastly, married people will create a family with a new and challenging life instead of boring life compared with single people. Families are created and held together by the lifelong commitment of a man and a woman who live cooperatively and raise and nurture the children born to them. Families are the building block essential to the formation of a community, and strong social structure arises from the foundation many families provide. A thriving society and culture depend on stable marriages. For example, as marriage declines in a culture,  the state must spend more money and care for children who less of the financial stability with divorce family background. Strong marriages statuses are at the heart of thriving family and community. In conclusion, getting married is better than being single as there married leads to emotional stability, financial stability, train the couples become more independent and responsible, better health and greater longevity, have wonderful sexual life, easy to expand social networks and have a new challenging life instead of boring life compared to single people. Getting married is not an easy but it does bring a lot of meaningful to individuals, family and the community.

All Consuming Images

What is Ewen trying to understand in regards to the ‘politics’ of style and what are his research questions? Which methods does he use to conduct this analysis? Ewen in his study of style is trying to understand how this came to be of â€Å"utmost† importance in our society. Obviously, considering himself a scholar and trying to make an impact on his students, Ewen is perplexed, when after reviewing the impact of the mass media on our society, the most important question a student can ask him, is â€Å"Where did you get your shoes? † Why does it matter? This is what Ewen wants to understand. When did style become representative of all that we are?And how did become tied to social power. Ewen, although able to recognize the symbols of style in our society, through images on magazines, fashion, interior design, found it difficult to define what style is, and the â€Å"universal preoccupation† with style in this society. Ewen believed that understanding this preoccupation, would ultimately provide an understanding of this contemporary culture. Ewen was curious of this notion, that made such an impact on our society, yet lacked concrete understanding. Style is elusive, yet craved by everyone. â€Å"This conception of style is both perceptive and confounding. The idea that styleis a way that the human values, structures, and assumptions in a given society are aesthetically expressed and received is a powerful insight. † Ewen found that the concept of style was often determined by current fads or modes of behavior. Style can be defined by its currency, and also defined by its consumption. â€Å"One of the main points of a style is that it will not remain current. † Ewen asked his students to write an essay entitled â€Å"What Style Means to Me. † He established the ground rules: †¢ No dictionary definitions †¢ No academic or research papers †¢ Draw on your own experiences and feelings about styleEw en believed that each of their essays would reveal how their definition of style was essentially part of their history and experience. â€Å"Every story could be pursued to reveal many things about the particular individuals and groups that are spoken for: the way people express themselves, the way they conform, the way they rebel. † Ewen found through their essays that their were similarities in that at some point, most of them equated style with consumption and the power of the mass media to define and influence popular notions of style. Ewen wants to determine the meaning of the prominence, significance andconsumption of style, and how it has come to be a contemporary phenomenon. Ewen is concerned about the ability of the mass media to define style and its ability to create a way of life. â€Å"The people we view apparently inhabit a universe of bounty. They wear dresses costing thousands. They live in castles. Their encounters with interior designers lead to unrestrained flights of fancy. Their desires, their fantasies, their whims are painlessly translated into objective forms. There are no conflicts. In the name of â€Å"good taste,† there is no mention of cost. There is no anxiety about affordability. †Style, in contemporary culture, appears to offer the opportunity to have all that one desires, without ever even questioning if it what should be desired. Question 2 Using THREE EXAMPLES from the book, explain at least two ways that personal experience (and/or identity) is related to the politics of style. According to Ewen, the power of style has become an increasingly feature in the lives of individuals. â€Å"Style is a visible reference point by which we have come to understand life in progress. † Take for example the invitation that an individual may receive from American Express, to receive their new Gold Card.â€Å"Only a select group will ever carry the Gold Card. So it instantly identifies you as someone specialâ€⠀œone who expects an added measure of courtesy and personal attention. . . . The Gold Card says more about you than anything you can buy with it. We think it's time you joined the select group who carry it. It is a gesture that speaks volumes. It says you are someone special–whose style of living requires very special privileges. Someone whose financial credentials rank among the nation's highest. Someone who appreciates–indeed, has come to expect–an extra measure of courtesy and personal attention. In fact, the Gold Card in your namesays more about you than almost anything you can buy with it. † This is a promise of â€Å"unspoken prestige. † You will be seen. You will be noticed. The symbols you display, your most valuable possessions, will permit you to stand apart from the crowd. You will be noteworthy and honored. You will be someone. You will have â€Å"joined the select group. † Only the faint remnant of perforations–at the top and bottom edges of the personalized letter–suggests that this promise of individual identity is being made, simultaneously, to a mass of others. This is a typical manner in which the mass media and consumerism do define style, asidentified by Ewen. It speaks to the quality of life that will be held by the person who has the â€Å"Gold Card,† as though being identified as royalty. This person not only has style and power, but already has the American Dream. â€Å"When a rising middle class of merchants began to appropriate the marks of style from the late Middle Ages on, it was a tangible expression of their increasing power, both locally and globally. When they took on the vestments, titles, and properties previously monopolized by the aristocracy, it was because they had assumed a central, increasingly decisive position in the world.While political structures took time to acknowledge their franchise, these merchant capitalists were becoming men of power. † Acc ording to Ewen, this middle class claiming of power, was a mask, to let them feel as powerful as the elite that claimed social power. â€Å"Its symbolic identification with power, this â€Å"middle class† performed, and continues to perform, a political function; it effects divisions among people who otherwise might identify with one another. † Ewen cites the impact of the mass media and its ability to convince the American public of their personal worth as evidenced by their style. â€Å"By the late 1950s, Fortunemagazine asserted, nearly all Americans had the option of â€Å"choosing a whole style of life†: A skilled mechanic who earns $7,500 after taxes may choose to continue living in â€Å"working class† style, meanwhile saving sizable sums for his children's college education; or he may choose to live like a junior executive in his own $17,000 suburban house; or he may choose to live in a city apartment house otherwise occupied by business and prof essional men. When the American â€Å"masses† have options of this breadth, . . . it is scarcely an exaggeration to suggest that we have arrived at a landmark in all the history of human freedoms.(1) people constantly express their personalities not so much in words as in symbols (ie: mannerisms, dress, ornaments, possessions); (2)most people are increasingly concerned about what other people think of them, and hence about their social status. Thus the taste of many Americans is expressed in symbols of various social positions. . . . people tend to buy things that symbolize their aspirations. Our social status and hence our social power are identified by our belongings and those personal possessions that we choose. Question 3 In the closing chapter, Ewen begins by suggesting that â€Å"In American Society today‘image management’ has become both a lucrative business†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and a necessity. He concludes that â€Å"in countless aspects of life the powers of appearance have come to overshadow, or to shape, the way we comprehend matters of substance. † What are his conclusions regarding this form of social control? What do you think of his argument? What began for Ewen as a quest to understand why one student found more importance in his shoes than his message, Ewen uncovered what is perhaps our failing in contemporary society. Image management in contemporary society is a billion dollarbusiness, with people being willing to do whatever it takes, to achieve the perfect status and the perfect image. The perfect image sells! Image is created by an individuals style. For most individuals, style is created by what is identified in the mass media as valuable, status enhancing, and important. Our priorities are in great part determined by what the mass media determines as important. This is a belief that is upheld by not only the commercial industry but our main sources of news: â€Å"If the news helps to promulgate an ongoing cognitiv e confusion, closely related are the dominant channels of political influence.As far back as the presidency of Andrew Jackson, when the vote was extended beyond the propertied classes, political style makers have negotiated between the objective power and interests of ruling elites on the one hand, and rising popular democratic aspirations on the other. Social inequalities of wealth and opportunity were transformed, by the hoodoo of political promotion, into a consensual notion of â€Å"common interest. † I absolutely agree that the perception or attitude represents â€Å"the ascendancy of politics as pure public relations. † If we continue to reduce all social issues to simply matters ofperception, that is the only place where we will see change. If that is how we address social needs, we will only see an image change, rather than real change that is needed. â€Å"The impulse to dissociate images from social experience, or to present images as a surrogate for experie nce, is reiterated throughout our culture. The perpetual repetition of this dynamic–affecting our sense. † Ewen represents a compelling study of the effect of image and style on contemporary society. The value of individuals in this society is determined by their image and their ability to project that image to others.